Why did the Dark Age happen?
Not because of Christianity, but because of Islam. Aside from Constantinople, all the centers of Christian learning in the East were conquered by the Caliphate. And in particular, Egypt was the greatest loss, for two reasons: 1) the catechetical school at Alexandria was a brilliant light of Christendom for the 6 centuries prior to Islamic conquest, and 2) most importantly, the production and importation of paper (made from papyrus) to Europe ceased overnight, and Europe had to resort to enormously expensive parchment for its writing mode — and thus reading and writing became relegated to the wealthy nobility and to the clergy. No one else could afford the material necessary.
Couple that with the next thousand+ years of Islamic raiders plundering the coasts of southern Europe for Christian slaves, leading to most unfortified coastal areas to be abandoned for centuries, and you have a recipe for Christian Europe to be forced to draw in upon itself.
This coincided with the so-called Islamic Golden Age, which occurred specifically because Islam violently conquered Christian lands and stole their knowledge for themselves.
The Christian West during this period nearly collapsed altogether, but it was their unifying Christian faith that helped them band together to defeat the pagan Germans in Saxony and Bavaria, the pagan Vikings raiding and conquering the British coasts, and Islamic rule in Iberia, southern France, Sicily, and southern Italy.
People like to treat “science” and “learning” as these linear progressions, but in reality the studies of the sciences, and in particular philosophy, had really begun to decline during the period leading up to the fall of Rome in 476. This era was marked by increasing decadence and a lack of moral and social cohesion in the empire, and as society decayed so too did the quality of its academic institutions and scholastic fervor.
Some people try to blame this decay on Christianity, but in reality Christianity was a response to — not the cause of — this societal decay.
This same pattern is playing out today. The moral and societal decay of the modern secular West is leading the younger generations to reject modernity and embrace faith, and in particular the more traditional and liturgical faiths are surging with young adult converts.
"History doesn’t repeat itself but it does rhyme.”
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